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Screw piles, sometimes referred to as screw-piles, screw piers, screw anchors, screw it foundations, ground screws, helical piles, helical piers, or helical anchors are a steel screw-in piling and Earth anchor system used for building Deep foundation foundations. Screw piles are typically manufactured from high-strength steel using varying sizes of tubular hollow sections with helical flights.
The pile shaft transfers a structure's load into the pile. Helical steel plates are Welding to the pile shaft to suit the site specific ground conditions. Helices can be press-formed to a specified pitch or simply consist of flat plates welded at a specified pitch to the pile's shaft. The number of helices, their diameters and position on the pile shaft as well as steel plate thickness are all determined by a combination of:
Screw pile steel shaft sections are subjected to design parameters and building codes standards for the region of manufacture.
The helices that are welded over the steel shaft are also called "helical flights" or just "flights", and can vary in size depending on soil conditions.
There are a few differences between helical anchors, helical piles and helical piers, although the terms are often used interchangeably. Helical anchors consist of an extendable steel shaft with helical bearing plates. Piles or piers refer to strong base elements that withstand or transfer vertical/horizontal loads. Anchors are piles utilised only in tension applications like restraining wall tiebacks or vertical ground anchors made to resist overturning forces.
More recently, composite technology has been developed and patented for use in small screw piles. Composites offer significant advantages over steel in small screw pile manufacture and installed performance.
Screw pile installations have also extended to residential applications, with many homeowners choosing a screw pile over other options. Some common applications for helical pile foundations include residential decks, sheds, cement pads, preformed stairs and grade beams.
Modern screw pile design is based on standard structural and geotechnical principles. Screw pile designers typically use their own design software which has been developed through field testing of differing compression pile and tension anchor configurations in various soil profiles. Corrosion is addressed based on extended field trials, combined with worldwide databases on steel in ground corrosion. Typical helical piles with small-diameter pipes are able to restrain unfactored axial loads of up to 300kN, uplift loads of up to 200kN subject to the ground conditions and lateral loads of up to 25kN. Newest emerging screw piles with large-diameter shaft pipes, which require large equipment to install, can withstand loads in excess of 2500kN. Large load capacity screw piles may have various components such as flat half helices, Bisalloy cutting tips and helices, cap plates or rebar interfaces for connection to various concrete or steel structures.
Most industries use screw piling experts due to the cost efficiencies and, increasingly, the reduced environmental impact. "Screwing" the foundations into the ground means that there is less soil displacement so excess soil does not need to be transported from the site, saving on transportation costs and reducing the carbon footprint of the project. The main benefits of screw pile include: shorter project times, ease of installation, little dependency on weather, ease of access, reduction of the carbon footprint, ease of removal when the foundations are no longer required, reusability, reduced risk to the workforce and reduced costs.
They are also suitable for both tensile and compression loads, so they are also used for masts, signs, and retaining structures.
When should you choose piling over concrete? Well, it depends on the foundation of the house , it’s not always cheaper. But if you don’t need a basement, piling just makes sense. There’s no digging, no wait time, no cure time. We can put the piles in, and you can start building within a week. It’s quick, it’s easy, and way less mess. So if you're looking to save time and skip the concrete delays, screw piles are definitely worth considering.
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